We performed a review of literature (MEDLINE and EMBASE database), without limited date or publication restrictions.Īngelman Syndrome Cataplexy Narcolepsy Niemann-Pick type C Disease Norrie Disease Prader-Willi Syndrome.Ĭopyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. Type 1 reports cataplexy and/or low levels of hypocretin, whereas type 2 reports excessive drowsiness during the day but no muscle control loss and normal levels of hypocretin. They differ in terms of symptoms: Type 1: With cataplexy/low levels of hypocretin. Defining cataplexy as a disorder by itself is misleading. There are two types of narcolepsy we can define. Nighttime (nocturnal) sleep patterns may also be disrupted. Here’s what the movie misses: cataplexy without narcolepsy is extremely rare (it has only been documented in a couple of case reports). These episodes vary in frequency from a few incidents to several during a single day. In addition, cataplexy can be a side effect of several drugs (eg, lamotrigine, clozapine, and gamma. Attacks of drowsiness may persist for only a few seconds or several minutes. Other causes of cataplexy include Niemann-Pick type C Disease, Angelman Syndrome, Norrie Disease, Prader-Willi Syndrome. In this review, we described few conditions of cataplexy not related to narcolepsy. Cataplexy is a transient loss of muscle tone that can be triggered by emotions such as laughter, excitement or fear. People who have this condition usually have a difficult time staying awake for extended periods of time, no matter what time it is or what they are doing. It is a neurological condition that impacts the brain's ability to manage the sleep-wake cycle. Therefore, it is essential disconnecting cataplexy from narcolepsy especially in pediatric population and after use of a few medications. Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that is characterized by chronic, excessive daytime sleepiness. Narcolepsy without cataplexy is usually associated with normal hypocretin levels, so diagnosis typically has to rely on only symptoms and sleep test results. Yet, the most prevalent causes of cataplexy without narcolepsy are rare genetic diseases which explains why cataplexy is classically linked to narcolepsy. In addition, cataplexy can be a side effect of several drugs (eg, lamotrigine, clozapine, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate). Cataplexy is a transient loss of muscle tone that can be triggered by emotions such as laughter, excitement or fear.
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